Cách viết IELTS Writing Task 2 dạng Problem and Solution

Tổng quan về dạng Problem and Solution trong IELTS Writing Task 2

Problem and Solution là dạng bài IELTS Writing Task 2 yêu cầu thí sinh bàn luận vấn đề và giải pháp cho một tình huống hay xu hướng nào đó.

Ví dụ: The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem? 

Ở câu hỏi này, bạn cần đưa ra nguyên nhân và giải pháp.

Cách viết IELTS Writing Task 2 dạng Problem and Solution

Đề bài: The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem? 

Dịch: Sự gia tăng trong việc sản xuất hàng tiêu dùng gây ra những hậu quả nghiêm trọng đến môi trường tự nhiên. Những nguyên nhân gây ra điều này là gì? Những giải pháp nào có thể được thực hiện để giải quyết vấn đề này?

Bước 1: Phân tích đề bài

The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem? 

• Xác định phạm vi đề bài bằng cách gạch chân từ khóa:

The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment.

Dịch: Sự gia tăng trong việc sản xuất hàng hóa tiêu dùng gây ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến môi trường tự nhiên.

• Xác định dạng câu hỏi:

Đối với dạng câu hỏi Causes & Solutions, bạn cần viết ít nhất 2 causes, phân tích lý do, ví dụ và hậu quả, và 2 solutions, phân tích lý do và kết quả tích cực.

Bước 2: Viết introduction

• Số lượng: 2 câu
• Cách viết: paraphrase đề bài + trả lời câu hỏi

Paraphrase đề bài:

It is seen that massive produced consumer goods have given rise to a myriad of environmental problems.

 Hướng dẫn: 5 cách Paraphrase đơn giản nhưng hiệu quả

Trả lời câu hỏi:

While this tendency is attributable to several reasons, there are some viable measures that can be taken to alleviate its adverse impacts on the environment.

Mở bài hoàn chỉnh:

It is seen that massive produced consumer goods have given rise to a myriad of environmental problems. While this tendency is attributable to several reasons, there are some viable measures that can be taken to alleviate its adverse impacts on the environment.

Bước 3: Viết body

Thí sinh cần đưa ra ít nhất 2 Causes và 2 Solutions cho đề bài này. Thân bài 1 bạn sẽ viết và phân tích 2 nguyên nhân, thân bài 2 bạn sẽ viết về 2 giải pháp để giải quyết nguyên nhân ở thân bài 1. Hoặc, thân bài 1 bạn sẽ phân tích 1 nguyên nhân và 1 giải pháp đi kèm. Thân bài 2 bạn sẽ viết về nguyên nhân và giải pháp còn lại.

Cách 1: viết 2 nguyên nhân trong thân bài 1 và 2 giải pháp trong thân bài 2

• Thân bài 1: 2 nguyên nhân

• Nguyên nhân 1: hành vi bất cẩn của người tiêu dùng
• Lý do: nhu cầu sử dụng nhiều hàng hóa khiến người tiêu dùng thải rác trực tiếp ra ngoài môi trường mà không đi qua một quy trình xử lý rác thải nào.
• Ví dụ: các loại rác thải như túi ni lông mất nhiều thời gian để phân hủy và biến mất.
• Hậu quả: hình thành các bãi và khu vực chứa rác, gây ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến sinh vật biển và gây sói mòn đất.

-> Environmental degradation might come down to reckless behaviors of consumers and irresponsible actions of factories. Regarding the former, because of the increasing demands of product consumptions, customers might directly dump a large amount of their household wastes into rivers or lands without going through any processing process. In fact, non-biodegradable wastes such as plastic bags, batteries or straws need a great deal of time, not to mention for decades to vanish on Earth. As a result, piled landfills may lead to detrimental impacts on marine life and soil erosion, leading to either a demise of thousands of animal species as they carelessly consider rubbish which is harmful for their metabolism as food or too bad quality soil to cultivate crops.

• Nguyên nhân 2: sự thiếu trách nhiệm từ các nhà máy sản xuất
• Lý do: để đáp ứng nhu cầu tiêu dùng tăng cao và tạo ra lợi nhuận, nhiều doanh nghiệp thải chất thải chưa được xử lý ra ngoài môi trường, đặc biệt là khí thải.
• Hậu quả: gây ô nhiễm nguồn nước và bầu khí quyển, ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến sức khỏe người dân.

-> In terms of the latter, due to constant production of necessities, namely canned food, clothes, technological gadgets or furniture, to fulfill demands and expectations of customers and generate profits, many manufacturers and enterprises might dispose of unprocessed wastewater or discharge smoke into the surroundings. This leads to both water and air pollution, having a bearing on citizens’ health, which means people might suffer from respiratory diseases due to filthy atmosphere, let alone other species.

Thân bài 1 hoàn chỉnh:

Environmental degradation might come down to reckless behaviors of consumers and irresponsible actions of factories. Regarding the former, because of the increasing demands of product consumptions, customers might directly dump a large amount of their household wastes into rivers or lands without going through any processing process. In fact, non-biodegradable wastes such as plastic bags, batteries or straws need a great deal of time, not to mention for decades to vanish on Earth. As a result, piled landfills may lead to detrimental impacts on marine life and soil erosion, leading to either a demise of thousands of animal species as they carelessly consider rubbish which is harmful for their metabolism as food or too bad quality soil to cultivate crops. In terms of the latter, due to constant production of necessities, namely canned food, clothes, technological gadgets or furniture, to fulfill demands and expectations of customers and generate profits, many manufacturers and enterprises might dispose of unprocessed wastewater or discharge smoke into the surroundings. This leads to both water and air pollution, having a bearing on citizens’ health, which means people might suffer from respiratory diseases due to filthy atmosphere, let alone other species.

• Thân bài 2: 2 giải pháp

• Giải pháp 1: chính phủ nên thúc đẩy các chính sách bảo vệ môi trường
• Giải thích: những người vứt rác bừa bãi có thể bị phạt nặng, hoặc người tiêu dùng có thể tẩy chay những công ty thải rác thải chưa được xử lý ra ngoài hệ sinh thái.
• Kết quả: gia tăng ý thức của mọi người về trách nhiệm và hành động trong việc bảo vệ môi trường.

-> However, green policies and environmental campaigns are two feasible solutions to reduce the consequences expressed above. First, governments play a critical role in fostering green policies universally. This means that those who deliberately litter could be sentenced to prison or pay heavy fines and consumers might boycott companies disposing unprocessed waste into the ecosystem. This helps people raise awareness that they need to hold responsible for their actions and accept the consequences. 

– Giải pháp 2: tổ chức các chiến dịch khuyến khích người dân tái chế và tái sử dụng

– Kết quả: mọi người hướng đến một lối sống xanh và bền vững hơn

-> Furthermore, campaigns should be launched and intensified to encourage people to recycle or reuse their fabric bags, instead of plastic ones. This would nudge people towards a more sustainable lifestyle choice. Once individuals join hands to preserve their natural environment, I believe that our environment would gradually recover to a healthier state, or at least resistant to environmental deterioration at a fast pace.

Thân bài 2 hoàn chỉnh: 

However, green policies and environmental campaigns are two feasible solutions to reduce the consequences expressed above. First, governments play a critical role in fostering green policies universally. This means that those who deliberately litter could be sentenced to prison or pay heavy fines and consumers might boycott companies disposing unprocessed waste into the ecosystem. This helps people raise awareness that they need to hold responsible for their actions and accept the consequences. Furthermore, campaigns should be launched and intensified to encourage people to recycle or reuse their fabric bags, instead of plastic ones. This would nudge people towards a more sustainable lifestyle choice. Once individuals join hands to preserve their natural environment, I believe that our environment would gradually recover to a healthier state, or at least resistant to environmental deterioration at a fast pace.

Bước 4: Viết Conclusion

• Số lượng: 1-2 câu
• Cách viết: nhắc lại câu trả lời một cách ngắn gọn và súc tích

In conclusion, commercial tendencies and indifference to environmental conservation are two primary reasons for environmental contamination. Having said that, cooperative spirit and intervention of authorities have an important role to play to protect our natural habitats.

Bài mẫu hoàn chỉnh:.  

It is seen that massive produced consumer goods have given rise to a myriad of environmental problems. While this tendency is attributable to several reasons, there are some viable measures that can be taken to alleviate its adverse impacts on the environment.

Environmental degradation might come down to reckless behaviors of consumers and irresponsible actions of factories. Regarding the former, because of the increasing demands of product consumptions, customers might directly dump a large amount of their household wastes into rivers or lands without going through any processing process. In fact, non-biodegradable wastes such as plastic bags, batteries or straws need a great deal of time, not to mention for decades to vanish on Earth. As a result, piled landfills may lead to detrimental impacts on marine life and soil erosion, leading to either a demise of thousands of animal species as they carelessly consider rubbish which is harmful for their metabolism as food or too bad quality soil to cultivate crops. In terms of the latter, due to constant production of necessities, namely canned food, clothes, technological gadgets or furniture, to fulfill demands and expectations of customers and generate profits, many manufacturers and enterprises might dispose of unprocessed wastewater or discharge smoke into the surroundings. This leads to both water and air pollution, having a bearing on citizens’ health, which means people might suffer from respiratory diseases due to filthy atmosphere, let alone other species.

However, green policies and environmental campaigns are two feasible solutions to reduce the consequences expressed above. First, governments play a critical role in fostering green policies universally. This means that those who deliberately litter could be sentenced to prison or pay heavy fines and consumers might boycott companies disposing unprocessed waste into the ecosystem. This helps people raise awareness that they need to hold responsible for their actions and accept the consequences. Furthermore, campaigns should be launched and intensified to encourage people to recycle or reuse their fabric bags, instead of plastic ones. This would nudge people towards a more sustainable lifestyle choice. Once individuals join hands to preserve their natural environment, I believe that our environment would gradually recover to a healthier state, or at least resistant to environmental deterioration at a fast pace.

In conclusion, commercial tendencies and indifference to environmental conservation are two primary reasons for environmental contamination. Having said that, cooperative spirit and intervention of authorities have an important role to play to protect our natural habitats.

Từ vựng và cấu trúc câu

Từ vựng

Synonyms for Causes

• the factors/issues responsible for …
• the reasons behind/for …
• the factors/issues which have contributed to …
• the causes of …
• the issues which have resulted in/led to …

Synonyms for Effects

Real consequences

• consequences/effects/impacts
• the issues it has resulted in/ which have resulted from …
• the problems which follow/ have followed

Possible consequences

• the problems/ issues that could/ may/ might/ be likely to result in/ lead to
• the problems/issues which could/ may/ might/ be likely to result from/ follow
• …’s possible/ potential/ probable/ prospective consequences/ effects/ impacts

Synonyms for Solutions

• solutions for …
• means/ways to solve …
• means/ways to resolve/ deal with/ tackle/ improve …

Cấu trúc câu hữu ích

Useful language for introductions

• This essay will examine the causes and effects of…
• This essay will discuss…and the measures that governments and individuals can take to address these problems.
• This essay will outline some of the reasons why … and describe how … is/are affected
• The following essay focuses on the factors behind this problem and describes some of the ways…can be affected…

Useful language for conclusions

• In conclusion/ To conclude, … is an existing problem that affects a lot of people nowadays. It is mainly caused by … and results in …
• In conclusion/ To conclude, governments and individuals could certainly implement a range of measures to enhance …

4. Các lỗi sai thường gặp

• Một trong những khó khăn mà thí sinh hay gặp phải là các phần giải pháp, hệ quả và vấn đề không thực sự liên kết chặt chẽ với nhau. Hoặc các vấn đề có thể liên quan đến đề bài nhưng các biện pháp và hệ quả chưa cụ thể, phù hợp hay có hiệu quả.

• Giải pháp: trong bước lập dàn bài, hãy viết vấn đề – hậu quả và giải pháp tương ứng. Phác thảo 3-4 ý tưởng bạn thấy phù hợp so với đề bài. Sau đó chọn ra 2 ý tưởng phù hợp, dễ dàng phân tích và phát triển ý nhất cho bài viết.

5. Bài mẫu IELTS Writing Task 2 Problem and Solution

Bài mẫu 1

Đề bài:

Experts say if the old people spend time and get along with others and exercise every day, they will be healthier and happier. However, many elderly are suffering from loneliness and lack of fitness. Discuss the causes and solutions?

Phân tích đề bài: 

• Gạch chân từ khóa để xác định phạm vi đề bài.

• Từ khóa 1: many elderly are suffering from loneliness
• Từ khóa 2: many elderly are suffering from lack of fitness

-> Bạn cần làm rõ 2 nguyên nhân cho 2 vấn đề trên trong bài viết và đưa ra giải pháp tương ứng.

Introduction:

• Paraphrase đề : spend time and get along with others -> social interactions ; be healthier and happier -> improves mental and physical health
• Trả lời câu hỏi : có một số nguyên nhân và giải pháp cho tình trạng trên

Body 1: Causes

• Về vấn đề cô đơn

Nghỉ hưu → không có trách nhiệm công việc hoặc sự giao tiếp với đồng nghiệp → cảm thấy không mục tiêu và cô lập khi ở nhà trong thời gian dài.

(possible opposing views) Có thể cho rằng khi nghỉ hưu, người cao tuổi có nhiều thời gian hơn cho các thành viên trong gia đình → (refutation) không đúng với trường hợp sống ở vùng nông thôn hoặc thị trấn nhỏ → vì con của họ có xu hướng lên thành phố tìm kiếm cơ hội việc làm

• Về vấn đề thể chất

Các khu vực thiếu không gian công cộng → cản trở việc tham gia physical activities

(possible opposing views) Có thể cho rằng họ có thể tập tại nhà, (refutation) nhưng nếu xét về việc họ đã dành thời gian ở nhà liên tục rồi, khó chắc chắn rằng họ sẽ cảm thấy thoải mái.

Body 2: Solutions

• Giải pháp cho vấn đề cô đơn : khuyến khích nhiều nhà máy và khu công nghiệp di dời đến vùng nông thôn hoặc thị trấn → tạo điều kiện cho sự giao tiếp giữa người lao động và cha mẹ của họ
  • (supporting idea) Để đạt được điều này → chính phủ nên cung cấp các ưu đãi thuế và đầu tư vào cơ sở hạ tầng
• Giải pháp cho vấn đề thể chất : một số tòa nhà cũ nên được phá hủy để tạo điều kiện cho việc xây dựng các cơ sở công cộng → thúc đẩy các hoạt động ngoài trời
  • (supporting idea) Để thúc đẩy điều này, những người sống gần các công trình phá hủy này nên được thông tin trước, tránh bất kỳ xung đột có thể xảy ra sau đó.

Conclusion : Summarize the main points

Bài mẫu:

It is said that engaging in daily social interactions and exercise improves mental and physical health for the elderly. Despite this, many senior citizens nowadays feel lonely and unhealthy. From my viewpoint, this tendency can be attributed to several reasons, and resolutions can be made to mitigate the problem.

The frequent occurrence of loneliness and unfitness among older individuals can be attributed to a variety of factors. For one, retirement can be blamed for the source of desolation. Without the responsibility of work or interactions with colleagues, elderly individuals are likely to feel aimless and isolated when staying at home for extended periods. While it could be argued that retirement affords the elderly more time to spend with family members, such circumstances are not common for those residing in rural areas or small towns since young adults and middle-aged individuals tend to move to major cities in pursuit of career opportunities. Regarding the problem of inadequate health, a significant number of senior citizens currently live in areas lacking public spaces, such as parks or stadiums, which discourages them from engaging in physical activities. While they could theoretically exercise at home, given their constant residence, I doubt that they will feel comfortable.

Numerous steps can be taken to alleviate these issues. Firstly, more factories and industrial zones should be encouraged to relocate to rural areas or towns, facilitating face-to-face interactions among adult workers and their elderly parents. To achieve this, governments should offer tax incentives, such as property and corporation tax breaks, and invest in infrastructure, including transportation networks and roads. Additionally, some old buildings and unused lands in large cities should be demolished to make way for the construction of public facilities, creating environments with greenery and fresh air conducive to outdoor activities such as tai chi, yoga, or walking. In furtherance of this, those living near such demolitions should be well-informed in advance, steering clear of any possible conflicts or resentment afterwards.

In conclusion, feelings of isolation and decreased well-being among the elderly can stem from a variety of factors, including retirement and limited access to public spaces. However, this problem can be addressed through the relocation of businesses to rural areas or towns and the establishment of public spaces.

Bài mẫu 2

Đề bài:

During holidays or weekends, young people spend less time on outdoor activities in the natural environment, such as hiking and mountain climbing. Why does this happen? What can be done to encourage them to go out?

Phân tích đề bài

Đề bài này thuộc dạng Cause and Solution Essay (nguyên nhân và giải pháp). Đề bài gồm hai câu hỏi như sau:

1. Why does this happen? → Có thể diễn đạt lại là: What causes this to happen? → Causes.
2. What can be done to encourage them to go out? → Có thể diễn đạt lại là: What are some solutions to help young people spend more time outdoors? → Solutions.

Introduction:

• Paraphrase đề bài: In recent days, youth tend to prefer staying indoors, even on holidays or weekends, rather than participating in outdoor activities.
• Trả lời câu hỏi: This essay will explain the reasons for the problem as well as proposing several solutions.

Body paragraph 1: Causes:

• Main idea (Topic sentence): There are several factors that cause this situation.
• Cause 1: Technological devices → entertain anywhere, anytime.
• Explanation: Result: people prefer these time- and energy-saving tools over outdoor physical activities.
• Cause 2: Busy weekday schedules → not want to keep active during weekends and holidays.
• Explanation: So much physical and mental effort from Monday to Friday (even Saturday) → refuse any workouts during weekend break.

Body paragraph 2: Solutions

• Main idea (Topic sentence): Although this task is hard, there are still several possible solutions. 
• Solution 1: Reduce screen time.
• Explanation: Teenagers and children need parental help; young adults can ask for help from friends and colleagues.
• Example: Parents only let children use the phone if they do one hour of physical exercise on weekend mornings.
• Solution 2: Decrease workload during weekdays to increase readiness for physical exercise during the weekend.
• Example: In 2022, 61 businesses in the UK reduced working hours for employees by 20% while keeping wages the same → 56 businesses found that extra rest actually helped their staff’s work more effectively.

Conclusion:

• Causes: (1) technological devices, (2) busy weekday schedules.
• Solutions: (1) reduce screen time, (2) decrease workload.

Bài mẫu

In recent days, youth tend to prefer staying indoors, even on holidays or weekends, rather than participating in outdoor activities. This essay will explain the reasons for the problem as well as proposing several solutions.

There are a number of factors that drive the situation. First and foremost, technological devices such as smartphones and tablets have provided instant entertainment for millions of people around the world. As a result, the natural tendency of people is to prefer these time- and energy-saving tools over outdoor physical activities. Furthermore, busy weekday schedules also account for the youth’s reluctance to keep active during weekends and holidays. The enormous physical and mental endeavor they have made from Monday to Friday, or even Saturday in some countries, causes them to refuse to consume their strength on any demanding activities during their weekend break.

Challenging though the task may be, it is possible to suggest several solutions to help ease the problem. The first possible measure is to reduce screen time. While teenagers and children need parental supervision, young adults can ask their friends and colleagues for assistance. Parents can, for example, make screen time a privilege that can only be earned if their children complete an hour of physical exercise on weekend mornings. Another solution is to decrease workload during weekdays to increase readiness for physical exercise during the weekend. In 2022, 61 British businesses experimented with a 20% reduction in working hours for employees while maintaining wages, and 56 of them found that extra rest actually boosted their staff’s performance.

In conclusion, abuse of technological devices and hectic lifestyles have led to the youth’s refusal to do physical activities during days off. To alleviate this, screen time and workload ought to be reduced.

Tham khảo nguồn đề IELTS Writing đầy đủ nhất:

• Đề thi IELTS Writing 2024
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